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2024 Pacific typhoon season

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2024 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 22, 2024
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameGaemi
 • Maximum winds165 km/h (105 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions5
Total storms4
Typhoons2
Super typhoons1 (unofficial)[nb 1]
Total fatalities31 total
Total damage$22.5 million (2024 USD)
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The 2024 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the fifth-latest starting Pacific typhoon season on record. The season runs throughout 2024, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Ewiniar, developed on May 25, and eventually intensified into the first typhoon of the season.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] will name a tropical cyclone if it has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 3][nb 1] are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Seasonal forecasts

TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Total
Typhoons		 Intense
TCs		 ACE Ref.
Average (1991–2020) 25.5 16.0 9.3 301 [3]
May 7, 2024 25 15 7 225 [3]
July 5, 2024 24 14 7 211 [4]
Other forecasts

Date

Forecast

Center

Period Systems Ref.
January 15, 2024 PAGASA January–March 0–2 tropical cyclones [5]
January 15, 2024 PAGASA April–June 2–4 tropical cyclones [5]
June 26, 2024 PAGASA July–September 6–10 tropical cyclones [6]
June 26, 2024 PAGASA October–December 4–7 tropical cyclones [6]
2024 season Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref.
Actual activity: JMA 5 4 2
Actual activity: JTWC 5 3 2
Actual activity: PAGASA 3 2 2

During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA, Vietnam's National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau.

Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) released their first forecast on May 7, predicting below average activity with 25 named storms, 15 typhoons and 7 intense typhoons. This was primarily due to the dominant El Niño event at the time, which was expected to transition into a weak or moderate La Niña by mid-2024.[3] In their July forecast, they slightly decreased the amount of storms and typhoons.[4]

Seasonal summary

Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

Early activity

The Pacific typhoon season began abnormally late, with no systems forming for five months until May 22, when a tropical storm named Ewiniar formed southeast of Palau, marking it as the fifth-latest start of a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began.[7] Ewiniar tracked toward the Philippines, where it made nine landfalls in Homonhon Island; Giporlos, Eastern Samar; Basiao Island; Cagduyong Island; Batuan, Masbate; Masbate City; Torrijos, Marinduque; Lucena, Quezon and Patnanungan. It began to move over the warm tropical waters of Lamon Bay, where the JTWC and the JMA upgraded Ewiniar into a minimal typhoon. Ewiniar began to deteriorate as it moved away from land due to its topographical effects from the island. On May 30, another tropical depression formed southeast of Haikou, China. The next day, at 03:00 UTC, JTWC designated the disturbance as Tropical Depression 02W. A few hours later, JMA assigned the name Maliksi as they upgraded 02W into a tropical storm. Shortly after being named, on May 31, Maliksi made landfall in Southern China. the JMA and JTWC discontinued warnings as Maliksi moved inland and dissipated on June 2. No storms formed in June for the first time since 2010.

After many weeks of inactivity, on July 13, a tropical depression formed east of Vietnam. Shortly after, it tracked into Vietnam, dissipating soon after. On July 19, two tropical disturbances were recognized by the JTWC: one southeast of Manila and another east of Palau. Soon after, both disturbances developed into a depression, being named by PAGASA. The first one, west of Batangas, was named Butchoy while the second, east of Virac, was called Carina. Later that day, the JTWC followed suit in designating them both as depressions. The next day, the easternmost disturbance was named Gaemi by the JMA. On July 21, Butchoy also intensified into a tropical storm, assigning the name Prapiroon from the JMA. Prapiroon moved through the South China Sea as a mild tropical storm before landfall over Wanning, Hainan. Prapiroon moved through Gulf of Tonkin, where it further intensified into a severe tropical storm. Early on July 23, Prapiroon made its second and final landfall in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam.

Being in a favorable environment in the Philippine Sea, Gaemi continues to strengthen into a severe tropical storm as it moves northeastward slowly. Early the next day, JMA upgraded Gaemi into a typhoon, the second to occur in this season. JTWC also followed suit and upgraded Gaemi into a Category-1 typhoon. Owing to its warm sea surface temperature and low vertical wind shear, on July 24, Gaemi rapidly intensified into a Category-4 typhoon, with 10-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph), equivalent to a very strong typhoon category by the JMA.

Systems

Typhoon Ewiniar (Aghon)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 22 – May 30
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Ewiniar (2024)

On May 21, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking an area of atmospheric convection 441 km (274 mi) southeast of Palau, noting that the system was moving northwestward towards an environment favorable for tropical cyclogenesis.[8] The JTWC subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the following day as the disturbance developed rainbands wrapping from the southwest.[9] At 18:00, the disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression.[10] The depression would later enter PAR, assigning the name Aghon, a replacement name for Ambo.[11] At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC designated the depression as 01W, based on surface observations from Guiuan.[12] Aghon made landfall over Homonhon Island and subsequently Giporlos, Eastern Samar in the early morning of May 25 (PHT).[13] It made five more landfalls over Basiao and Cagduyong Islands of Catbalogan; Batuan in Ticao Island; Masbate City; and Torrijos, Marinduque.[14] At 12:00 UTC, 01W intensified into a tropical storm while it was still in Tayabas Bay, prompted the JMA to name the storm as Ewiniar.[15] In the morning of May 26 (PHT), the storm made its eighth landfall over Lucena, Quezon in Luzon island.[14] Ewiniar later intensified into a minimal-equivalent typhoon over Lamon Bay[16] The storm made its final landfall over Patnanungan in the Polillo Islands.[17] The typhoon left the PAR on May 29 and continued to weaken due to subsidence around the mid-latitude.[18][19] On May 30, Ewiniar transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south-southwest of Yokosuka, Japan[20] Then at 18:00 UTC on May 31, the JTWC then ceased issuing advisories on the system as it entered the baroclinic zone and an area of high wind shear.[21]

Agricultural damage in the Philippines totalled ₱85.63 million (US$1.74 million).[22] Damage to infrastructure was valued a ₱942.55 million (US$19.14 million) for a total of ₱1.03 billion (US$20.88 million).[22] Overall, Typhoon Ewiniar killed six people and left eight injured, and around 152,266 others were directly impacted by Ewiniar in the Philippines.[22]

Tropical Storm Maliksi

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 30 – June 2
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On May 29, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection located 406 km (252 mi) southeast of Haikou, China. Being in an area of warm waters and low vertical shear and having southerly outflow, the system sustained a weak circulation, inhibited from development by another area of convection near Mainland China.[23] It was recognized as a low-pressure area by the JMA early the next day,[24] before the agency upgraded it to a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC.[25] Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the depression since it had rapidly developed.[26] At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, designating it as 02W.[27] Later, the JMA upgraded it into a tropical storm, and it was given the name Maliksi.[28] However, the JTWC reported that it did not intensify into a tropical storm as it was disorganized, with the circulation elongating.[29][30] At 21:00 UTC on May 31, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system as it made landfall in Southern China.[31] Soon after, the JMA downgraded Maliksi into a depression before being further downgraded by the agency as a low-pressure area as it tracked inland on June 2.[32][33]

On May 30, the Hong Kong Observatory issued a No. 1 standby signal as the depression neared Hong Kong.[34] The next day, it upgraded the warnings into a No. 3 Strong Wind signal.[35] Although it was likely to not directly affect Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration noted that Maliksi's remnants were likely to merge with a frontal system and bring heavy rains to Taiwan over the weekend.[36] In Macau, the storm caused unstable weather, with the Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau issuing Typhoon Signal No. 3[37][38] In China, torrential rainfall occurred, peaking at 272.3 mm (10.72 in) somewhere in the Leizhou Peninsula. Additionally, heavy rain was recorded in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.[39]

Tropical Depression 03W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 13 – July 15
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

On July 13, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection 423 mi (682 km) east-southeast of Da Nang, Vietnam. At the time, the disturbance was in a marginal environment for development, with high vertical wind shear offsetting good divergence aloft alongside warm sea surface temperatures.[40] At 06:00 UTC of that day, the JMA designated the system as a tropical depression.[41] The JTWC then issued a TCFA on the system the next day, noting its symmetrical center had improved as it moves northwest, though convection was disorganized.[42] By 18:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression, designating it 03W.[43] However, they issued their last warning on the depression early the next day as it moved over Vietnam and rapidly weakened.[44] Later that day, the JMA stopped tracking the depression as it dissipated.[45]

Severe Tropical Storm Prapiroon (Butchoy)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 19 – Present
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On July 15, the JTWC began tracking an area of convection 623 nautical miles (717 mi; 1,154 km) southeast of Manila, Philippines. At the time, the disturbance was in a favorable environment for development, with low vertical wind shear, good equatorward outflow, and warm SSTs.[46] At 06:00 UTC the same day, the JMA designated the system as a low-pressure area.[47] Several days later, the low crossed into the South China Sea.[48] On July 19, the JTWC gave a TCFA to the disturbance, citing a high chance of development within 24 to 48 hours.[49] Shortly after, the JMA designated it as a depression.[50] PAGASA followed suit a few hours later, recognizing the system as a tropical depression and naming it Butchoy.[51] Soon after, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Depression 04W.[52] However, the next day, Butchoy exited the PAR, causing PAGASA to stop tracking the system.[53] Early on July 21, Butchoy intensified into a tropical storm, being named Prapiroon by the JMA.[54] Later that day, Prapiroon made landfall near Wanning, Hainan with 1-minute sustained winds of 55 kn (65 mph; 100 km/h).[55] Early the next day, Prapiroon intensified into a severe tropical storm.[56] At 6:30 am PT that same day, Prapiroon made its second landfall in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam.[57] Rapidly weakening, early the next day, the JTWC stopped tracking Prapiroon.[58] The system weakened into a tropical depression by the JMA that same day.[59]

While Prapiroon was a tropical disturbance, it enhanced the southwest monsoon for the Philippines, killing eight and causing around ₱13.08 million (US$265,540.15) in damages.[60] After making its first landfall, Prapiroon brought heavy rain to portions of Southern China, with a maximum of 38.3 mm (1.51 in) in Qiexue Township, Donglan County.[61] Authorities in Haiphong, Vietnam, requested the evacuation of low-lying areas, and called on vessels to return to port.[62] Thousands of tourists were stranded in the islands of Cát Bà and Cô Tô.[63] Prapiroon became the first tropical cyclone to strike Vietnam in 640 days, ending a record drought of landfalls.[64] The storm downed trees and damaged billboards and fences in the province of Quang Ninh.[65] Heavy rain and flooding in Son La Province killed five people, and four others were missing, as of July 24.[66]

Typhoon Gaemi (Carina)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 19 – Present
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min);
940 hPa (mbar)

On July 17, the JMA began tracking a low-pressure area east of Palau.[67] Two days later, the JTWC began tracking the system.[48] Shortly after, they issued a TCFA on the system, stating that it was in favorable conditions with low vertical wind shear.[68] Shortly after, the JMA designated it as a depression.[50] PAGASA followed suit a few hours later, recognizing the system as a tropical depression and naming it Carina.[69] Soon after, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Depression 05W.[70] Early the next day, the tropical depression intensified into a tropical storm, and was given the name Gaemi by the JMA.[71] Intensifying due to being in a conducive environment for developing, on July 21, Gaemi became a severe tropical storm.[72] Early the next day, Gaemi intensified into a typhoon.[73] Due to very warm sea surface temperatures, low vertical wind shear, and good outflow, on July 23, Gaemi rapidly intensified into a very strong typhoon.[74] Early the next day, prior to making a landfall in the northeastern coast of Taiwan, Gaemi peaked with 1-minute sustained winds of 125 kn (145 mph; 230 km/h).[75]

Even though Gaemi stayed away from the Philippines, it enhanced the southwest monsoon, causing heavy rainfall for portions of Northern Luzon and Metro Manila.[76] Gaemi caused ₱79 million (US$1.35 million) in agricultural damage in the Philippines.[77] As of July 24, one person died in Taiwan.[78]

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the basin, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[79] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee when they have 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[80]

PAGASA names tropical cyclones which are active in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has already been named.[79] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[80] If the list of names for the Philippine region are exhausted, then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray. The names of significant tropical cyclones will be retired by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee in the spring of 2025.[80]

International names

Main article: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

A tropical cyclone is named when it has 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[81] The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee.[82] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in 2025, though replacement names will be announced in 2026. The next 28 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Ewiniar (2401)
  • Maliksi (2402)
  • Gaemi (2403) (active)
  • Prapiroon (2404)
  • Maria (unused)
  • Son-Tinh (unused)
  • Ampil (unused)
  • Wukong (unused)
  • Jongdari (unused)
  • Shanshan (unused)
  • Yagi (unused)
  • Leepi (unused)
  • Bebinca (unused)
  • Pulasan (unused)
  • Soulik (unused)
  • Cimaron (unused)
  • Jebi (unused)
  • Krathon (unused)
  • Barijat (unused)
  • Trami (unused)
  • Kong-rey (unused)
  • Yinxing (unused)
  • Toraji (unused)
  • Man-yi (unused)
  • Usagi (unused)
  • Pabuk (unused)
  • Wutip (unused)
  • Sepat (unused)

Philippines

Main article: List of retired Philippine typhoon names

This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme for storms that are active in their self-defined area of responsibility.[83] During this season, PAGASA is using the following list of names that was last used during 2020 and will be used again in 2028, updated with replacements of retired names, if any.[83] All of the names are the same as in 2020 with the exception of Aghon, Querubin, Romina and Upang, which replaced the names Ambo, Quinta, Rolly and Ulysses after they were retired.[83] The name Aghon was used for the first time this year.

  • Aghon (2401)
  • Butchoy (2404)
  • Carina (2403) (active)
  • Dindo (unused)
  • Enteng (unused)
  • Ferdie (unused)
  • Gener (unused)
  • Helen (unused)
  • Igme (unused)
  • Julian (unused)
  • Kristine (unused)
  • Leon (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nika (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pepito (unused)
  • Querubin (unused)
  • Romina (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Upang (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)
Auxiliary list
  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gomer (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Season effects

This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, west of the International Date Line during 2024. The table also provide an overview of a system's intensity, duration, land areas affected, and any deaths or damages associated with the system.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ewiniar (Aghon) May 22–30 Typhoon 130 km/h (80 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Philippines, Japan, Alaska $20.88 million 6 [22]
Maliksi May 30 – June 2 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) South China, Taiwan Unknown None [84]
03W July 13–15 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Vietnam, Laos, Thailand None None [85]
Prapiroon (Butchoy) July 19 – Present Severe tropical storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, South China (mainly Hainan and Guangxi) >$246,000 13 [60][66]
Gaemi (Carina) July 19 – Present Very strong typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, Yaeyama Islands, Indonesia $1.35 million 12 [77][86]
Season aggregates
5 systems May 22 – Season ongoing 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) $22.5 million 31

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).[2]
  2. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]

References

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